Summary

This brief examines how Russia seeks to silence critical reporting in Europe through a range of hybrid tactics that operate beyond traditional censorship. Rather than banning stories outright, Russian actors exert pressure through harassment campaigns, legal intimidation such as SLAPP lawsuits, cyberattacks, economic influence over media ownership, and restrictions on journalistic access. These tactics collectively create an environment in which independent journalism becomes risky, costly, and difficult to sustain.

Addressing this challenge requires coordinated policy responses that protect journalists and strengthen the resilience of democratic information systems. The brief highlights the importance of stronger legal protections against abusive lawsuits, improved digital security support for journalists, greater transparency in media ownership, and collaborative networks that provide legal and financial support to those facing intimidation. Together, these measures can help safeguard press freedom and maintain open public debate across Europe.