Summary

This working paper systematically examines the potential effects of information manipulation on the Chinese diaspora in Europe. It presents original evidence from a study on Chinese information manipulation, alongside case-based insights into the effects of other tactics. While previous working papers from the project have focused on questions of practices, actors, and scope of information manipulation more broadly, this working paper seeks to answer the following questions:

• What are behavioural and attitudinal responses to information manipulation?
• Who is most vulnerable to information manipulation?

In doing so, the working paper highlights key shortcomings in current research and policy work, and underscores why understanding these effects is essential for policymakers seeking to address FIMI effectively.